Boost MacBook Battery: Learn How to Save Battery on MacBook

In today’s fast-paced digital world, maximizing battery life is essential for uninterrupted productivity. If you own a MacBook and find yourself constantly searching for power outlets, worry not! This blog will guide you through effective strategies to save battery on MacBook and extend its usage between charges. From optimizing settings to adjusting usage habits, let’s dive into the world of power-saving techniques.

how to save battery on MacBook

Method 1: Adjust Display Brightness to Save Battery on MacBook

One of the key factors that impact the battery life of your MacBook is the display brightness. By adjusting the display brightness, you can significantly save battery power and prolong your usage between charges. Here’s how you can optimize your display brightness settings to maximize battery efficiency:

Use Automatic Brightness:

Most MacBooks come with a built-in ambient light sensor that can automatically adjust the display brightness based on the surrounding lighting conditions. Enable the “Automatically adjust brightness” option in the Display settings to allow your MacBook to optimize brightness levels for you.

Manually Reduce Brightness:

If you prefer to have more control over your display brightness, you can manually adjust it to a lower level. Press the “F1” key to decrease the brightness or use the brightness adjustment keys (usually labeled with sun icons) on the MacBook’s keyboard. Find a comfortable brightness level that is bright enough for your needs while still conserving battery power.

Enable Dark Mode:

macOS offers a Dark Mode option that replaces the bright interface elements with darker colors, reducing the amount of power required to display bright pixels. Activate Dark Mode by going to “System Preferences” > “General” and selecting the “Dark” appearance. This not only saves battery but also provides a visually pleasing experience, especially in low-light environments.

Reduce Screen Timeout:

Adjusting the time it takes for your MacBook’s display to turn off when idle can contribute to battery savings. Go to “System Preferences” > “Energy Saver” and set a shorter period for the “Turn display off after” option. This ensures that your MacBook’s display isn’t unnecessarily active when not in use.

Enable Energy Saver Mode:

The Energy Saver settings on your MacBook allow you to further optimize power usage. In the “Energy Saver” preferences, enable the “Slightly dim the display while on battery power” option. This feature lowers the display brightness slightly when your MacBook is running on battery, helping to conserve energy.

Energy Saver Mode

Disable Automatic Graphics Switching:

Certain MacBook models come with dual graphics options: integrated and dedicated graphics. By default, macOS automatically switches between these graphics modes based on the application’s demands. However, the dedicated graphics mode can consume more power. To save battery, go to “System Preferences” > “Energy Saver” and uncheck the “Automatic graphics switching” option.

By implementing these display brightness adjustments, you can make a noticeable difference in your MacBook’s battery life. Remember to find the right balance between brightness and usability, as excessively low brightness levels may strain your eyes. Enjoy extended battery life and a more energy-efficient MacBook experience!

Method 2: Manage Background Processes to Save Battery on MacBook

Managing background processes on your MacBook is crucial for optimizing battery life and ensuring efficient power usage. By closing unnecessary applications and terminating resource-intensive processes, you can save valuable battery power. Here’s how to manage background processes and maximize your MacBook’s battery efficiency:

manage background processes

Identify Resource-Hungry Applications:

Open the Activity Monitor utility on your MacBook, located in the Utilities folder within the Applications folder, or by using Spotlight search. Activity Monitor displays a list of currently running processes and their resource usage. Sort the processes by CPU or Memory to identify any applications or processes consuming significant resources.

Quit Unnecessary Applications:

Review the list of active processes in Activity Monitor and identify any applications that you are not currently using. Select those applications and click the “X” button in the Activity Monitor toolbar to quit them. Alternatively, you can right-click on an application’s icon in the Dock and choose “Quit” to close it.

Disable Login Items:

Some applications may be set to launch automatically when you log in to your MacBook. These login items consume system resources and may drain battery power unnecessarily. To manage login items, go to “System Preferences” > “Users & Groups” > “Login Items” and remove or disable any applications that you don’t need to launch at startup.

Disable Background Processes:

Certain applications run background processes even when they are not actively used. These processes may check for updates, sync data, or perform other tasks that consume CPU resources and battery power. Check the preferences or settings of individual applications to disable or limit background processes or automatic syncing features.

Keep Software Updated:

Regularly updating macOS and installed applications ensures you have the latest bug fixes and performance improvements. Software updates often include optimizations that can improve battery efficiency. Enable automatic software updates in “System Preferences” > “Software Update” to ensure you receive the latest updates automatically.

Use Safari for Web Browsing:

Safari, the native web browser on macOS, is designed to be energy-efficient. It consumes less power compared to some other browsers. Consider using Safari for web browsing to minimize battery drain caused by resource-intensive web pages and plugins.

Restart Your MacBook:

Restarting your MacBook periodically can help clear out any background processes or temporary files that may be consuming resources unnecessarily. Restarting can also resolve any performance issues that might impact battery life.

By managing background processes effectively, you can reduce CPU usage, free up memory, and conserve battery power on your MacBook. Regularly review your active applications and processes, and close or disable those that are not essential. With these optimization techniques, you can enjoy longer battery life and get the most out of your MacBook’s power capabilities.

Method 3: Optimize Energy Saver Settings

Optimizing the Energy Saver settings on your MacBook is a great way to save battery power and maximize the overall battery life. By adjusting these settings, you can ensure efficient power usage and extend the time between charges. Here’s how to optimize the Energy Saver settings to save battery on your MacBook:

  1. Access Energy Saver Preferences:

Go to the Apple menu in the top-left corner of your screen and select “System Preferences.” Then, click on “Energy Saver” to access the Energy Saver preferences.

  • Adjust Display Sleep and Computer Sleep:

In the Energy Saver preferences, you’ll find options to set the time for both “Display sleep” and “Computer sleep.” Adjust these settings to your preference, but keep in mind that setting shorter sleep times will save more battery power. However, setting them too short may interrupt your workflow. Find a balance that suits your usage patterns.

  • Enable Power Nap Selectively:

Power Nap allows your MacBook to perform certain tasks even while it’s asleep, such as checking for new emails or performing Time Machine backups. However, these activities consume battery power. If maximizing battery life is your priority, consider disabling Power Nap or enabling it selectively for essential tasks only. You can find Power Nap settings in the Energy Saver preferences.

  • Enable Automatic Graphics Switching:

If your MacBook has dual graphics options (integrated and dedicated), enabling “Automatic graphics switching” can help save battery power. This setting allows macOS to switch between graphics modes based on the application’s demands, using the integrated graphics for less demanding tasks and switching to dedicated graphics when needed.

  • Enable “Put hard disks to sleep when possible”:

Enabling this option in the Energy Saver preferences allows your MacBook’s hard disk to enter sleep mode when not actively in use. This helps conserve energy and extends battery life. However, if you frequently access data from your hard disk, you may prefer to disable this option to minimize any delay in accessing files.

  • Disable Wake for Wi-Fi Network Access:

If you don’t need your MacBook to automatically wake when accessed over Wi-Fi, disable the “Wake for Wi-Fi network access” option. This prevents unnecessary wake-ups and conserves battery power.

  • Activate “Slightly dim the display while on battery power”:

Enabling this option in the Energy Saver preferences slightly reduces the display brightness when your MacBook is running on battery power. While the dimming may be subtle, it contributes to energy savings and extends battery life.

  • Use “Power Adapter” Settings Wisely:

In the Energy Saver preferences, you’ll find separate settings for the “Battery” and “Power Adapter” modes. Customize the Power Adapter settings based on your usage patterns. For example, you may choose to allow higher performance settings when connected to a power adapter, but lower the settings to save power when using the battery.

  • Enable “Wake on Bluetooth” (optional):

If you use Bluetooth devices with your MacBook and rely on them to wake your computer, you can enable the “Wake on Bluetooth” option in the Energy Saver preferences. However, note that enabling this feature may slightly impact battery life.

  1. Experiment and Fine-Tune Settings:

Battery optimization is a personal preference, and it may take some trial and error to find the ideal settings that balance energy efficiency with your specific needs. Experiment with different configurations and monitor how they impact your MacBook’s battery life. By optimizing the Energy Saver settings, you can effectively save battery power on your MacBook. These adjustments allow you to tailor the power usage to your requirements, maximizing battery efficiency and extending the time you can use your MacBook without recharging.

optimize energy saver settings

Method 4: Unplug Unnecessary Peripherals

A simple yet effective way to save battery power and prolong your MacBook’s battery life. Connected peripherals draw power from your MacBook, even when they are not actively in use. By unplugging them, you can reduce battery drain and optimize power usage. Here’s how to unplug unnecessary peripherals and save battery on your MacBook:

  • Identify Unnecessary Peripherals:

Take a moment to identify any peripherals that are currently connected to your MacBook but not actively being used. These may include external hard drives, USB devices, printers, scanners, or any other accessories that draw power from your MacBook.

  • Disconnect USB Devices:

Start by disconnecting any USB devices that you are not using. This includes USB thumb drives, external storage devices, input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice), and other USB peripherals. Simply unplug them from your MacBook’s USB ports.

  • Unplug Other Accessories:

If you have other accessories connected to your MacBook, such as external monitors, speakers, or docking stations, consider disconnecting them when they are not needed. These accessories consume power, and by unplugging them, you can save battery life.

  • Disable Bluetooth Devices:

If you have Bluetooth devices connected to your MacBook, such as wireless keyboards, mice, or headphones, disconnect or turn off Bluetooth when you’re not actively using them. This prevents your MacBook from continuously searching for and maintaining a connection with these devices, conserving battery power.

  • Remove SD Cards or Memory Cards:

If you have an SD card or other memory card inserted into your MacBook’s SD card slot, remove it if you’re not actively using it. Memory cards consume power even when not accessed, so removing them can help save battery life.

  • Evaluate Wired Connections:

Consider whether you can switch from wired to wireless alternatives. For example, if you’re using a wired internet connection through an Ethernet cable, you could switch to Wi-Fi when portability is more important than speed. Similarly, if you’re using wired headphones, switching to Bluetooth headphones can eliminate the need for the headphone jack and conserve battery power.

  • Develop Unplugging Habits:

Make it a habit to unplug peripherals when you finish using them. This helps prevent unnecessary power drain and extends your MacBook’s battery life. Remember to unplug and disconnect any unnecessary peripherals before putting your MacBook to sleep or when you’re not using it for an extended period.

By unplugging unnecessary peripherals, you can save battery power on your MacBook and optimize power usage. This simple practice allows your MacBook’s battery to focus solely on powering the internal components, helping you get the most out of your battery life and ensuring you have power when you need it the most.

unplug unnecessary peripherals

Method 5: Reduce Keyboard and Trackpad Backlight

Reducing the keyboard and trackpad backlight on your MacBook is an effective way to save battery power and extend your MacBook’s battery life. The backlight consumes additional power, and by dimming or disabling it, you can conserve the battery and optimize power usage. Here’s how to reduce the keyboard and trackpad backlight to save battery on your MacBook:

Adjust Keyboard Backlight Brightness:

On most MacBook models, you can adjust the keyboard backlight brightness using the “F5” and “F6” function keys. Pressing the “F5” key reduces the brightness while pressing the “F6” key increases it. Find a comfortable level of brightness that is sufficient for your needs while minimizing power consumption. Alternatively, you can adjust the brightness in the Keyboard preferences in System Preferences.

Set Keyboard Backlight to Automatically Adjust:

Some MacBook models offer the option to automatically adjust the keyboard backlight brightness based on ambient lighting conditions. This feature ensures the keyboard backlight is optimized for visibility while conserving power. To enable automatic keyboard backlight adjustment, go to System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard tab and check the “Adjust keyboard brightness in low light” option.

Disable Keyboard Backlight Completely:

If you prefer to conserve maximum battery power, you can disable the keyboard backlight entirely. To do this, press the “F5” key repeatedly until the keyboard backlight turns off completely. Alternatively, you can adjust the setting in the Keyboard preferences by unchecking the “Illuminate keyboard in low light” option.

Adjust Trackpad Backlight Brightness:

Some MacBook models, such as those with a Force Touch trackpad, have a built-in trackpad backlight. To adjust the trackpad backlight brightness, go to System Preferences > Trackpad and use the “Ambient Light” slider to increase or decrease the brightness level. Find a balance between visibility and power consumption that suits your preferences.

Enable “Automatically illuminate built-in keyboard in low light” (optional):

If your MacBook supports this feature, you can enable it in the Keyboard preferences. This option automatically illuminates the keyboard backlight when the ambient light is low, ensuring you have optimal visibility while typing. However, be aware that enabling this feature may slightly impact battery life.

Develop Dimming Habits:

Make it a habit to dim or disable the keyboard and trackpad backlight when you’re not actively using your MacBook or when the ambient light conditions allow for comfortable usage without the backlight. This conscious effort can help conserve battery power and extend the overall battery life.

By reducing the keyboard and trackpad backlight brightness or disabling it when not needed, you can save battery power and optimize power usage on your MacBook. These adjustments not only contribute to better battery efficiency but also prolong the time you can use your MacBook on a single charge.

Method 6: Enable Power Nap Selectively

Enabling Power Nap selectively on your MacBook is an effective way to save battery power while still benefiting from its convenient features. Power Nap allows your MacBook to perform certain tasks even while it’s asleep, such as checking for new email, syncing iCloud data, or performing Time Machine backups. However, these activities consume battery power. By choosing which tasks are allowed during Power Nap, you can optimize power usage and extend your MacBook’s battery life. Here’s how to enable Power Nap selectively to save battery on your MacBook:

  • Access Energy Saver Preferences:

Go to the Apple menu in the top-left corner of your screen and select “System Preferences.” Then, click on “Energy Saver” to access the Energy Saver preferences.

  • Enable Power Nap:

In the Energy Saver preferences, you’ll find the option to enable or disable Power Nap. Tick the checkbox next to “Enable Power Nap” to activate the feature.

  • Customize Power Nap Settings:

Once Power Nap is enabled, you can customize which tasks are allowed during Power Nap by clicking on the “Options” button next to the Power Nap checkbox. Here, you’ll find a list of available tasks that can be performed during Power Nap.

  • Select Desired Tasks:

Review the list of tasks and choose the ones that are essential for your needs. For example, you may want to enable “Mail” to receive new email notifications, “Calendar” to receive event reminders, or “Find My Mac” to track your MacBook’s location if it’s lost or stolen. Uncheck any tasks that are not crucial or can be deferred until your MacBook is awake.

  • Save Settings:

Once you’ve selected the desired tasks, click “OK” to save your Power Nap settings.

By customizing the Power Nap settings, you can limit the activities performed during sleep mode and conserve battery power on your MacBook. This way, you can still benefit from essential tasks while minimizing unnecessary power consumption. Remember to regularly review and adjust your Power Nap settings based on your preferences and power usage requirements.

enable power nap selectively

Method 7: Utilize Energy-Saving Browser Extensions

Utilizing energy-saving browser extensions on your MacBook can help conserve battery power and improve overall power efficiency while browsing the web. These extensions optimize various aspects of web browsing, such as blocking resource-heavy content, disabling unnecessary scripts, and reducing data usage. By installing and using these extensions, you can maximize battery life and enhance your browsing experience. Here are some energy-saving browser extensions to consider:

  1. uBlock Origin

uBlock Origin is a popular ad-blocking extension that not only blocks ads but also filters out resource-intensive elements on web pages. By reducing the number of elements loaded, it can significantly improve page loading speed and reduce CPU usage, resulting in lower energy consumption.

  • The Great Suspender

The Great Suspender is a handy extension that suspends or unloads inactive tabs, reducing their impact on system resources. When you have multiple tabs open, but you’re not actively using them, this extension can help minimize memory and CPU usage, leading to energy savings.

  • Click&Clean

Click&Clean is a versatile extension that provides various browsing-related features, including the ability to clear browsing data and disable unnecessary browser extensions. By removing unnecessary data and disabling resource-heavy extensions, you can optimize your browsing experience and conserve battery power.

  • Dark Reader

Dark Reader is a browser extension that converts bright web pages into dark themes. Dark themes generally consume less power on devices with OLED or AMOLED screens. By reducing the amount of white or bright content displayed, Dark Reader can help save battery power, especially on MacBook models with OLED touch bars.

  • OneTab

OneTab is a useful extension that consolidates all your open tabs into a single tab with a list view. This reduces the memory and CPU load associated with having numerous tabs open simultaneously. By consolidating tabs, OneTab can help optimize system resources and contribute to energy savings.

  • Privacy Badger

Privacy Badger is an extension developed by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) that blocks third-party trackers and protects your privacy while browsing. By preventing unnecessary tracking scripts from running, Privacy Badger can reduce the amount of data loaded, leading to improved performance and potentially lower energy consumption.

Remember to review each extension’s features and compatibility with your preferred web browser before installation. Additionally, keep extensions updated to ensure they incorporate the latest optimizations and bug fixes.

By utilizing energy-saving browser extensions, you can optimize your browsing experience, reduce resource usage, and save battery power on your MacBook. These extensions provide effective ways to control and minimize the impact of resource-intensive elements, resulting in a more energy-efficient web browsing experience.

Method 8: Manage Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

Managing Wi-Fi and Bluetooth effectively on your MacBook can significantly contribute to saving battery power and extending your MacBook’s battery life. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth consume power, even when not actively in use. By optimizing their usage, you can conserve battery and maximize power efficiency. Here’s how to manage Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to save battery on your MacBook:

Disable Wi-Fi When Not Needed:

If you’re not actively using Wi-Fi, consider turning it off to minimize power consumption. You can disable Wi-Fi by clicking on the Wi-Fi icon in the menu bar at the top-right corner of your screen and selecting “Turn Wi-Fi Off.” Alternatively, you can go to System Preferences > Network and disable Wi-Fi from there. Remember to re-enable Wi-Fi when you need to connect to a network.

Use Ethernet Connection Instead of Wi-Fi:

If possible, consider using a wired Ethernet connection instead of Wi-Fi when you’re near a network port. Ethernet connections consume less power compared to Wi-Fi, which can help save battery life on your MacBook.

Disable Bluetooth When Not Needed:

Similar to Wi-Fi, disabling Bluetooth when you’re not using it can help conserve battery power. To turn off Bluetooth, click on the Bluetooth icon in the menu bar and select “Turn Bluetooth Off.” Alternatively, you can go to System Preferences > Bluetooth and disable Bluetooth from there. Remember to enable Bluetooth when you want to connect Bluetooth devices.

Disable Automatic Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Scanning:

macOS has a feature that automatically scans for available Wi-Fi networks and Bluetooth devices in the background. This continuous scanning consumes power. To disable automatic Wi-Fi scanning, go to System Preferences > Network > Wi-Fi > Advanced and uncheck the “Ask to join new networks” option. To disable automatic Bluetooth scanning, go to System Preferences > Bluetooth and uncheck the “Allow Bluetooth devices to wake this computer” option.

Use the “Ask to Join Networks” Option:

To further optimize Wi-Fi power usage, enable the “Ask to join new networks” option in the Wi-Fi preferences. With this setting enabled, your MacBook will prompt you to connect to a Wi-Fi network instead of automatically connecting to any available network. This allows you to be selective with Wi-Fi connections and minimize unnecessary power usage.

Reduce Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Range:

If you’re using your MacBook in a small area or near your router or Bluetooth devices, you can reduce the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth range to save power. Most routers have options to adjust the Wi-Fi signal strength. Additionally, you can move closer to Bluetooth devices to reduce the power required for maintaining a stable connection.

By managing Wi-Fi and Bluetooth usage on your MacBook, you can effectively save battery power and optimize power efficiency. These adjustments help ensure that these wireless technologies are only active when needed, minimizing unnecessary power consumption and maximizing your MacBook’s battery life.

manage wi-fi and Bluetooth

Method 9: Optimize Energy-Hungry Apps

Optimizing energy-hungry apps on your MacBook can significantly contribute to saving battery power and extending your MacBook’s battery life. Some applications consume more power than others, especially those that require high CPU usage or perform resource-intensive tasks. By identifying and managing these energy-hungry apps, you can conserve battery and maximize power efficiency. Here’s how to optimize energy-hungry apps to save battery on your MacBook

  1. Identify Energy-Hungry Apps:

Start by identifying the apps that consume a significant amount of energy on your MacBook. You can do this by going to the Apple menu in the top-left corner of your screen, selecting “About This Mac,” and clicking on “System Report.” In the System Report window, navigate to “Applications” under the “Software” section. Here, you’ll find a list of installed apps along with their energy impact.

  • Close Unnecessary Apps:

Close any unnecessary apps that are running in the background and not actively in use. This reduces the overall CPU and system load, minimizing power consumption. You can close apps by clicking on the app’s window and selecting “Quit” from the app’s menu, or by right-clicking on the app icon in the Dock and choosing “Quit.”

  • Update Apps:

Keep your apps up to date with the latest versions. Developers often release updates that include bug fixes, performance improvements, and optimizations that can help reduce energy consumption. Check for updates regularly either through the App Store or by visiting the app developer’s website.

  • Use Activity Monitor:

Activity Monitor is a built-in utility on your MacBook that allows you to monitor the system resources and energy impact of running apps. You can launch Activity Monitor by going to Applications > Utilities > Activity Monitor. Sort the processes by “Energy Impact” to identify the apps that are consuming the most energy. If you notice any apps that are consistently high on the list and not essential, consider closing or quitting them.

  • Adjust App Settings:

Some apps have settings that can be adjusted to reduce their energy consumption. For example, you can check the preferences or settings within an app to see if there are options to reduce animations, limit background processes, or decrease resource usage. Experiment with these settings to find a balance between functionality and energy efficiency

  • Use Safari for Web Browsing:

Safari, the default web browser on macOS, is optimized for energy efficiency. It is designed to consume less power compared to other web browsers. Whenever possible, use Safari for web browsing to save battery power.

  • Consider Alternative Lightweight Apps:

If you frequently use apps that are known to be resource-intensive or energy-hungry, consider exploring alternative lightweight apps that offer similar functionality. These lightweight apps are often optimized for performance and consume less power, resulting in better battery efficiency. By identifying and optimizing energy-hungry apps on your MacBook, you can effectively save battery power and optimize power efficiency. Regularly reviewing and managing these apps will help extend your MacBook’s battery life and ensure efficient power usage.

Method 10: Keep macOS Updated

Keeping macOS updated is crucial for maintaining optimal performance and improving power efficiency on your MacBook. Software updates often include bug fixes, performance enhancements, and power-saving optimizations. By updating your macOS regularly, you can ensure that your MacBook is running the latest version with the most efficient power management features. Here’s how keeping macOS updated can help save battery power on your MacBook:

  • Enable Automatic Updates:

To ensure that your MacBook receives the latest macOS updates automatically, enable the “App Store” option for automatic updates. Go to the Apple menu in the top-left corner of your screen, select “System Preferences,” and click on “App Store.” Check the box next to “Download newly available updates in the background” to enable automatic updates.

  • Check for System Updates:

Even with automatic updates enabled, it’s a good practice to manually check for updates regularly. Go to the Apple menu, select “System Preferences,” and click on “Software Update.” macOS will check for any available updates, including system updates, security patches, and power-saving optimizations. If updates are available, click “Update Now” to download and install them.

  • Install macOS Supplemental Updates:

In addition to major macOS updates, Apple occasionally releases supplemental updates to address specific issues, enhance performance, or improve power management. Keep an eye out for these supplemental updates and install them when they become available. You can check for supplemental updates in the same “Software Update” section of System Preferences.

  • Take Advantage of Power Management Features:

macOS updates often introduce new power management features and optimizations. These features aim to minimize unnecessary power consumption and maximize battery life. After updating macOS, review the power management settings in System Preferences > Energy Saver. Adjust settings such as display sleep, automatic graphics switching, and power nap to best suit your usage and conserve battery power.

  • Keep Apps Updated:

In addition to macOS updates, regularly updating your installed apps is essential. Developers often release updates that include performance improvements and power optimizations. Use the App Store to keep track of available app updates and install them to benefit from the latest efficiency enhancements.

  • Report Issues to Apple:

If you encounter any battery-related issues or significant power consumption after updating macOS, it’s important to report them to Apple. Use the built-in Feedback Assistant app to provide feedback on your experience. This helps Apple identify and address any potential bugs or power management concerns.

By keeping macOS updated, you ensure that your MacBook benefits from the latest power-saving optimizations and performance improvements. Regular updates help maintain the efficiency of your operating system and contribute to saving battery power on your MacBook.

Conclusion

By implementing these power-saving techniques, you can extend the battery life of your MacBook and work more efficiently on the go. Remember, small adjustments in settings, usage habits, and being mindful of power consumption can make a significant difference. Embrace these power-saving strategies and enjoy longer, uninterrupted productivity with your MacBook.